Breathtaking Dunnottar Castle: Be Amazed

Discover Dunnottar Castle: History, Nearby Gems & Clan Lore

It is on a dramatic clifftop overlooking the North Sea. Dunnottar Castle is a site of awe-inspiring beauty and historical significance. The fortress is in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It has drawn visitors for centuries. They come for its rich history, great architecture, and tales of bravery. It offers a unique look into Scotland’s storied past. If you’re a history buff, a nature lover, or a curious traveler, you’ll all enjoy it. Let’s embark on a journey to discover everything this medieval marvel has to offer.

Part of the East Coast of Scotland Route

Introduction to Dunnottar Castle’s Enchantment

Dunnottar Castle sits on a rocky headland. It commands great views of the North Sea. Its dramatic location alone makes it one of the most photogenic spots in Scotland. The sight of the castle is magical. It rises from the cliffs, especially against the backdrop of a setting sun. No wonder visitors often describe their first glimpse of Dunnottar as enchanting.

The castle’s allure extends beyond its stunning visuals. Dunnottar is steeped in history and legend. It has been the setting for many key moments in Scottish history. The castle walls have seen royal visits and wartime sieges. These events shaped the nation’s destiny. Its remoteness and rough terrain add to its mystique. They make it a must-visit for anyone exploring Scotland’s northeast coast.

Visiting Dunnottar Castle is like stepping back in time. The isolation and grandeur are powerful. They mix with the whispers of ancient tales on the sea breeze. This mix creates an atmosphere that’s haunting and captivating. It’s a place where history comes alive, and every stone has a story to tell.

The Fascinating History of Dunnottar Castle

The history of Dunnottar Castle is both turbulent and fascinating, reflecting the tumultuous past of Scotland itself. The first recorded mention of Dunnottar dates back to the early Middle Ages, though the site is believed to have been fortified even earlier. The castle played a crucial role in Scotland’s defense, serving as a fortress against Viking invasions and later, English aggressions.

One of the most notable periods in Dunnottar’s history was during the Wars of Scottish Independence.

William Wallace

In 1297, during the Wars of Scottish Independence, William Wallace led an attack on Dunnottar Castle:

1. Wallace captured Dunnottar Castle from the English in 1297.
2. At the time, the castle was garrisoned by English forces under King Edward I.
3. Wallace laid siege to the castle and then stormed it.
4. According to accounts, Wallace and his forces showed no mercy to the English garrison.
5. The attack resulted in the burning of the castle, including its church.
6. There are differing reports about what happened to the English soldiers. Some accounts say Wallace burned them alive inside the church where they had taken refuge.
7. This event is considered part of Wallace’s campaign to drive the English out of Scotland during the Wars of Independence.
8. The siege of Dunnottar Castle by Wallace is mentioned in the epic poem “The Wallace” by the 15th-century poet Blind Harry, though some details may be romanticized.

While some specifics of the event are debated by historians, William Wallace’s capture and destruction of Dunnottar Castle in 1297 is a well-established part of Scottish history and the castle’s long, eventful past.

The castle’s strategic importance continued into the 17th century, particularly during the English Civil War. Dunnottar became the hiding place for the Honours of Scotland – the Scottish crown jewels – to keep them out of Oliver Cromwell’s hands. The jewels were successfully hidden within the castle, adding another layer of intrigue and valor to its storied past.

Uncovering the Castle’s Medieval Origins

The origins of Dunnottar Castle are medieval and indeed shrouded in mystery. But, evidence and records provide some insights into its early development. The site is on a rocky headland. Its strategic location has made it a place of human occupation since ancient times.

While the exact date of the first fortification is uncertain, there are references to the site as early as the 5th century. According to legend, St. Ninian established a chapel here during this period, marking one of the earliest Christian sites in Pictland. However, it’s important to note that this legend is considered late and implausible by some historians.

The first recorded historical mention of Dunnottar comes from the Annals of Ulster, which document two sieges of “Dún Foither” in 681 and 694. This suggests that some form of fortification existed on the site by the 7th century.

The Chronicle of the Kings of Alba also records that King Donald II of Scotland was killed at Dunnottar during a Viking attack in 900.

From Wood To Stone

The transition from early wooden structures to stone fortifications was gradual. The first substantial stone defenses were likely built in the late 14th century by Sir William Keith, the Great Marischal of Scotland. The stone keep, which still stands today, dates from this period and served as the primary residence and defensive structure.

Throughout the 15th and 16th centuries, Dunnottar underwent significant expansions and modifications. The 16th-century palace and the chapel are notable additions from this period, reflecting the changing architectural styles and needs of the time.

Clifftop Construction

Building the castle on its cliff was a remarkable feat. It was a feat of medieval engineering. Builders had to move materials and build on the rocky promontory. They had to deal with these challenges. This led to a series of connected buildings that blend with the landscape.

Dunnottar has a rich history. It includes protecting the Scottish Crown Jewels. They were protected from Oliver Cromwell’s forces in the 17th century. This adds to the site’s already impressive legacy.

Today, the ruins of Dunnottar Castle stand as proof of centuries of Scottish history. They offer visitors a real link to the medieval world. They show the people who lived, worked, and fought within its walls.

Key Historical Events at Dunnottar Castle

Dunnottar Castle has been the site of numerous key historical events that have left an indelible mark on Scottish history. One of the most dramatic episodes occurred in 1651 when the castle was besieged by English forces during the English Civil War. Despite a fierce defense, the castle eventually fell, but not before the Honours of Scotland were smuggled out to safety, preserving a vital symbol of Scottish sovereignty.

In 1651, during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, Dunnottar Castle became the last stronghold in Scotland. It held out against Oliver Cromwell’s forces. The castle was given the duty of guarding the Honours of Scotland. They are the Scottish crown jewels, which include a crown, scepter, and sword.

Sir George Ogilvy of Barras was tasked with defending the castle and protecting the Honours. In September 1651, English troops surrounded Dunnottar. They began a long siege that would last 8 months. The castle’s defensive position on a rocky headland made it a strong fortress. A small garrison of just 69 men managed to hold out through the harsh winter months.

By May 1652, Dunnottar was the last place in Scotland where the royal flag flew. But, the English eventually brought in big guns and bombarded the castle for 10 days. Their numbers dwindling, Ogilvy finally surrendered in May 1652.

The siege’s most remarkable aspect was what happened to the Honours of Scotland. Despite thorough searches, Cromwell’s men were unable to find them. They had been smuggled out of the castle under the noses of the besieging army. There are conflicting reports of how the Honours were saved. One version claims Mrs. Grainger, wife of a local minister, carried them out hidden under her skirts. Another says they were lowered down the cliffs in a basket to a woman pretending to gather seaweed.

Regardless of the way, the Honours were taken to nearby Kinneff Church. There, they were buried beneath the floor near the altar. They stayed hidden there until the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660.

The siege of Dunnottar and salvation of the Honours is one of the most celebrated episodes in the castle’s long history. It shows the castle’s importance as a stronghold and its role in key moments in Scotland’s past.

Architectural Wonders of Dunnottar Castle

Dunnottar Castle is a marvel of medieval architecture. Its structures are ingeniously integrated into the rugged coastal landscape. The castle features a series of buildings. Each has unique architectural elements. These have evolved over centuries.

The keep is the most prominent structure. It showcases the defensive needs of the time. It has thick walls, narrow windows, and battlements.

The chapel, built in the 16th century, offers a glimpse into the castle’s religious life. Its design is simple yet elegant. It contrasts with the more utilitarian structures. It provides a space for reflection and worship.

The great hall was the heart of the castle’s social life. It is another architectural highlight. Though now in ruins. It hints at the grandeur and opulence of the past at Dunnottar.

One of the most fascinating aspects of Dunnottar’s architecture is its adaptability. Over centuries, people modified the castle to meet the needs of its inhabitants. It changed from medieval fortifications to Renaissance comforts.

This mix of styles and eras creates a complex history. Not just a fortress, but a living record of architectural change. Exploring these ruins offers a real link to the past. It lets visitors envision the castle’s past glory.

Nearby Attractions to Dunnottar Castle

Stonehaven

Stonehaven, a charming coastal town that offers a delightful mix of history, culture, and natural beauty. Stroll along the picturesque harbor, visit the Stonehaven Tolbooth Museum, or simply enjoy the local seafood delicacies.

Another nearby gem is Fowlsheugh Nature Reserve, a haven for birdwatchers and nature lovers. Located just south of Dunnottar, the reserve is home to thousands of seabirds, including puffins, guillemots, and razorbills. The dramatic cliffs and coastal paths offer stunning views and a chance to experience Scotland’s wildlife up close. It’s a perfect spot for a peaceful walk or a picnic with a view.

The coastal path from Stonehaven to Dunnottar is particularly popular, providing a scenic route to the castle. It is an easy walk which we did as we parked at Dunnottar castle and then walked into Stonehaven. The road outside the castle is currently closed to traffic as they have installed a barrier at one end and marked this at the entrance making it quiet to walk along and into Stonehaven.

Stonehaven “Banksy“

The “Stonehaven Banksy” is a local artist and sculptor named Jim Malcolm, who has gained recognition for his mysterious and creative public artworks in Stonehaven, Scotland. Over the years, Malcolm has created various sculptures that have intrigued and delighted the local community.

Natural and Architectural Attractions

• Dunnottar Castle: One of the most iconic landmarks, Dunnottar Castle, is a dramatic cliff-top fortress that attracts numerous visitors each year.
• Stonehaven Open Air Pool: This art deco, heated, Olympic-sized seawater pool is a unique attraction in the UK, offering a nostalgic swimming experience.
• Fowlsheugh Nature Reserve: Known for its 230-foot high cliffs, this reserve is a haven for seabird nesting colonies, making it a popular spot for bird watchers.

Unique Experiences

• The Bay Fish and Chips: This award-winning takeaway is renowned for its locally-sourced, sustainable fish and chips, making it a must-visit for food enthusiasts.
• Aunty Betty’s Ice Cream: Located on the beachfront, this ice cream parlour offers a wide range of flavors, including vegan options, and is a beloved local institution.

Stonehaven’s blend of historical depth, cultural richness, and natural beauty makes it a fascinating destination for travelers and history buffs alike.